Fourth Annual Symposium
on
Machine Processing
of Remotely Sensed Data

The Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

June 21-23, 1977

Edited by D.B. Morrison and D.J. Scherer
Cover Design and Graphic Layout by Susan L. Ferringer

Copyright © 1977
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

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CATALOG NUMBERS

IEEE CATALOG NUMBER 77CH 1218 - 7 MPRSD
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER 73-89454

Co-Sponsoring Organizations
American Society of Agronomy, Central Indiana Section of IEEE, Computer Society of IEEE, Crop Science Society of America, Geoscience, Electronics Group of IEEE, NASA Office of Applications, Society of American Foresters, Soil Science Society of America, with Cooperation from the American Society of Photogrammetry

Symposium Program Committee
John C. Lindenlaub, Chairman, Roger M. Hoffer, Clare D. McGillem, Douglas B. Morrison, John B. Peterson, Terry L. Phillips, Philip H. Swain

Foreward

These Proceedings serve as the written record of the Fourth Symposium on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data.   It contains the full text of the long paper presentations and abstracts of the short papers.   Attendees of the symposium will realize however that no written record can do an adequate job of recording the information exchange that takes place on a more informal basis - luncheon, coffee break and other conversations with the authors, session chairmen, symposium committee members and fellow attendees; discussions stimulated by questions from the audience; or controversial comments exchanged at the Hyde Park Corner session.   To stimulate a continuing interchange of ideas between symposium attendees and readers of these Proceedings we have included the names and address of session organizers, session chairmen, and paper authors.

A large measure of the success of this symposium goes to the groups and organizations that co-sponsor this symposium with the Laboratory for Applications of remote Sensing.   Our program committee members were selected for their dual qualifications of subject expertise and affiliation with one or more of our co-sponsors.   As you page through the Proceedings you will note that many of the session organizers and chairmen hold responsible positions within the co-sponsoring organizations.

As you examine the session titles you will note that there are two main thrusts carried throughout the program - sessions reporting on machine processing research and techniques, i.e., sessions in which the primary end product is an algorithm or computer hardware, and sessions centered around the utilizations of machine processing hardware/software for the solution of particular remote sensing applications problems.

The cooperation of the contributing authors, session chairmen and session organizers is greatly appreciated.   Their help has made it possible to produce the Proceedings in a timely manner thus making them available to symposium attendees at registration time.

Additional copies of the Proceedings may be obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Single Copy Sales, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854.   Please refer to catalog number 77CH 1218 - 7 MPRSD.

--John C. Lindenlaub
Symposium Chairman

Dr. Lindenlaub joined the LARS staff in 1969.   Prior to that time, his research interests were in the area of statistical communication theory. Dr. Lindenlaub worked in the data handling and analysis area at LARS until June 1974 when the Technology Transfer program area was formed. As program leader he is responsible for the development of education and training materials related to remote sensing and conducting ongoing technology transfer activities such as short courses, visiting scientist programs, and technical symposia. He developed the initial training materials for the LARS Remote Terminal Experiment and co-authored a series of 19 slide-tape study guide modules on the fundamentals of remote sensing. Dr. Lindenlaub is active professionally having held offices in the Education Research and Methods Division of the American Society of Engineering Education and the Educations Group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Other symposium proceedings pages not included in the papers below.

Table of Contents

1.1   PLENARY SESSION

  1. An Inventory of the Natural Resources of Bolivia. Carlos M. Brockmann, Programma ERTS/Bolivia. (no paper).
  2. Some Applications of Remote Sensing Technology for International Funding Agencies (0.5MB). Pierre-Marie Adrien, InterAmerican Development Bank. 1.1-3. 6 pages.
  3. Mapping and Monitoring Desert Environments of the World. Marion F. Baumgardner, Purdue University. (no paper).

2.1   PREPROCESSING I

  1. Rectification and Registration of Digital Images and the Effect of Cloud Detection (3.3MB). M. L. Nack, Computer Sciences Corporation. 2.1-12. 12 pages.
  2. The Correction of Landsat Data for the Effects of Haze, Sun Angle, and Background Reflectance (0.6MB). John F. Potter, Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc. 2.1-24. 9 pages.
  3. Effects of Spatial Distortion on Image Registration Performance (0.1MB). Martin Svedlow, The Analytical Sciences Corporation; Clare D. McGillem and Paul C. Anuta, Purdue University. 2.1-33. 1 page.
  4. Assembly and Analysis of SAR/LANDSAT Data Sets (0.1MB). Harold Maurer and Paul Clemens, NASA/Wallops Island. 2.1-34. 1 page.

2.2   APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE PROCESSING TO AGRICULTURE I

  1. A First Interpretation of East African Swiddening Via Computer-Assisted Analysis of 3 LANDSAT Tapes (1.8MB). Francis P. Conant, Hunter College, CUNY; and Tina K. Cary, Columbia University. 2.2-36. 8 pages.
  2. A LANDSAT Agricultural Monitoring Program (0.8MB). A. C. Aaronson, P. E. Buchman, T. Wescott and R. W. Fries, General Electric Earth Resources and Management Center. 2.2-44. 8 pages.
  3. Comparing Soil Boundaries Delineated By Digital Analysis of Multispectral Scanner Data from High and Low Spatial Resolution Systems (2.1MB). S. J. Kristof, Marion F. Baumgardner, A. L. Zachary, and Eric R. Stoner, Purdue University. 2.2-52. 13 pages.

3.1   PREPROCESSING II

  1. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Signature Transformation (MLEST) Algorithm (0.7MB). S. G. Thadani, Lockheed Electronics Company, Inc. 3.1-66. 9 pages.
  2. The Use of Negative Spectral Bands in Photointerpretation and Classification (0.1MB). Mario Hernandez, Mexico City IBM Latin-America Scientific Center. 3.1-75. 1 page.
  3. Feature Space transformation for Improved Interpretability of Color Images (0.2MB). H. K. Ramapriyan, Computer Sciences Corporation. 3.1-76. 1 page.
  4. Principal Components and Canonical Analysis for Skylab Channel Evaluation (0.1MB). G. J. McMurtry and F. Y. Borden, Pennsylvania State University. 3.1-77. 1 page.
  5. Airborne IR Line Scanner Data System at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (0.1MB). H. R. Edel, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing. 3.1-78. 1 page.

3.2   APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE PROCESSING TO AGRIGULTURE II

  1. Stratified Acreage Estimates in the Illinois Crop-Acreage Experiment (0.8MB). Richard Sigman, Chapman P. Gleason, George A. Hanuschak, and Robert R. Starbuck, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 3.2-80. 11 pages.
  2. Two Phase Sampling for Wheat Acreage Estimation (0.8MB). Randall W. Thomas and Claire M. Hay, University of California. 3.2-91. 11 pages.
  3. Crop Identification and Area Estimation by Computer-Aided Analysis of LANDSAT Data (0.8MB). Marvin E. Bauer, Marilyn M. Hixson, Barbara J. Davis, and Jeanne B. Etheridge, Purdue University. 3.2-102. 11 pages.
  4. An Interactive System for Agricultural Acreage Estimates Using LANDSAT Data (1.1MB). Martin Ozga and Walter E. Donovan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; and Chapman P. Gleason, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 3.2-113. 11 pages.
  5. Machine Processing of Aerial Data for Agricultural Resources Inventory and Survey Experiment (1.5MB). D. S. Kamat, K. L. Majumder, T. J. Majumdar, I. C. Matieda, Swaminathan, Indian Space Research Organization, SAC. 3.2-124. 11 pages.

4.1   RESEARCH FRONTIERS:   MACHINE PROCESSING

  1. Weather Displays Containing Gridding on a Minicomputer System (0.1MB). Ronald H. Irlbeck, Metric Systems Corporation. 4.1-136. 1 page.
  2. New Concepts in Display Technology. John R. Adams and Robert Wallis, International Imaging Systems. (no paper)
  3. A Measure of Relative Normality for LANDSAT Data Multivariate Distributions (0.2MB). Robert M. Ray III, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 4.1-138. 1 page.
  4. Estimation of Sampling Requirements for Track-Type Remote Sensing Surveys (0.1MB). Paul E. Anuta and Clare d. McGillem, Purdue University. 4.1-139. 1 page.
  5. A Synoptic View of the NACCA Line - Applications of LANDSAT to Archeology. John J. Quann, Goddard Space Flight Center. (no paper)

4.2   RESEARCH FRONTIERS:   APPLICATIONS

  1. On Determining Unharvested Winter Wheat Acreage from LANDSAT (0.1MB). J. C. Harlan and W. D. Rosenthal, Texas A&M University. 4.2-142. 1 page.
  2. The Effect of the LANDSAT Cloud Cover Domain on Winter Wheat Acreage Estimation in Kansas During 1976 (0.1MB). George A. Hanuschak, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 4.2-143. 1 page.
  3. A Method for the Determination of Surface Emissivities of Multispectral Data in the 8 µm - 13 µm Region (0.1MB). W. H. Carnahan and S. N. Goward, Indiana State University. 4.2-144. 1 page.
  4. Effects of Atmosphere, Temperature and Emmitance on Remotely Sensed Data (0.2MB). Ravindra Kumar, Brasil Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). 4.2-145. 1 page.
  5. Technology transfer - Problems in Practice. Robert Durland, U. S. Bureau of Census. (no paper)
  6. Ship Detection from LANDSAT (0.1MB). M. J. McDonnell and A. J. Lewis, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. 4.2-147. 1 page.
  7. Digital Analysis of LANDSAT Data for Geological Studies in Sangagiri-Tiruchengode-Namakkal Area in Tamilnadu, India (0.1MB). V. Guruswamy, S. J. Kristof, and M. F. Baumgardner, Purdue University. 4.2-148. 1 page.

5.1   PROCESSING SYSTEMS I

  1. Parametric Design of Ground Data Processing/Support Systems (0.7MB). Clinton Denny and Earl M. Johnson, Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation. 5.1-150. 10 pages.
  2. A Remote Sensing System for A Nationwide Data-Bank (1.4MB). H. Dell Foster, Jacob Bos, and William C. Richie, H. Dell Foster Company. 5.1-160. 12 pages.
  3. On the Transfer of Remote Sensing Technology to an Operational Data System (0.5MB). J. Denton Tarbet and Lewis H. Bradord, Jr., Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation; Timothy T. White, NASA/Johnson Space Center Earth Observations Division; and Robert F. Purnell, Jr., U. S. Department of Agriculture. 5.1-172. 5 pages.

5.2   SCENE MODELING

  1. A Practical Method for Correcting Bidirectional Reflectance Variations (1.2MB). Dwight D. Egbert, General Electric Telephone Electronics/Information Systems. 5.2-178. 12 pages.
  2. Correlation of Intensity Variations and False Color Displays of Multispectral Digital Images (0.3MB). Jorge Burkle and Elias Baron, Mexico Centro Cientifico IBM de America Latina. 5.2-190. 4 pages.
  3. An Overview of Vegetation Canopy Modeling for Signature Correction and Analyses (0.1MB). Joseph K. Berry, Yale University; and James A. Smith, Colorado State University. 5.2-194. 1 page.
  4. Monitoring Earth Albedo from LANDSAT (0.1MB). Richard K. Kiang and Stephen G. Ungar, NASA Institute for Space Studies. 5.2-195. 1 page.

6.1   PROCESSING SYSTEMS II

  1. A technique for Real-Time Data Preprocessing (0.8MB). Mario R. Schaffner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 6.1-198. 10 pages.
  2. Estimating Costs and Performance of Systems for Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data (0.6MB). Richard J. Ballard and Lester F. Eastwood, Jr., Washington University. 6.1-208. 7 pages.
  3. IMAPS, A Minicomputer Array Processing System for the Earth Sciences (0.1MB). G. W. Smith, O. K. Huh, and L. J. Rouse, Louisiana State University. 6.1-215. 1 page.
  4. The Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System (AOIPS) (0.1MB). Peter A. Bracken and John T. Dalton, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. 6.1-216. 1 page.

6.2   APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE PROCESSING TO HYDROLOGY/GEOLOGY

  1. Use of LANDSAT Multispectral I Imagery in Estimating Snow Arial Extent and Snow Water Content Cost-Effectively (1.1MB). Siamak Khorram, University of California. 6.2-218. 10 pages.
  2. Application of Image Principal Component Technique to the Geological Study of A Structural Basin in Central Spain (1.5MB). Antonio Santisteban, Centro de Investigacion UAM-IBM; and Laura Munoz, Madrid Universidad Complutense. 6.2-228. 9 pages.
  3. Computer Location of Drainage Networks by an Interactive Line Following Algorithm (0.1MB). L. Montoto, Madrid IBM Scientific Center. 6.2-237. 1 page.
  4. A Multiband Remote Sensing Study of Melting Shorefast Sea Ice (0.1MB). Richard E. Moritz, University of Colorado; and Luis A. Bartolucci, Purdue University. 6.2-238. 1 page.

7.1   DATA ANALYSIS I:   NON PARAMETRIC CLASSIFICATION

  1. A Least-Square Error Approach to LANDSAT Image Classification (1.1MB). Albert Y. Hung, TRW Defense and Space Systems Group. 7.1-240. 10 pages.
  2. A Four-Dimensional Histogram Approach to the Clustering of LANDSAT Data (0.8MB). Morris Goldberg and Seymour Shlien, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing. 7.1-250. 10 pages.
  3. Temporal Correlatability of Digital Thermal Infrared Scanner Data (0.1MB). Edmund H. Conrow, General Dynamics; and Bennett Basore, Oklahoma State University. 7.1-260. 1 page.
  4. Clustering Multispectral Data Without an Algorithm: An Interactive Approach (0.1MB). F. P. Palou, Madrid Centrol de Investigacion UAM-IBM. 7.1-261. 1 page.

7.2   APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE PROCESSING TO FORESTRY

  1. Computer Training Procedures for the western Washington Forest Productivity Study Utilizing LANDSAT Data (1.0MB). John R. Edwards, Washington state Department of Natural Resources. 7.2-264. 6 pages.
  2. LANDSAT Digital Data Application to Forest Vegetation and Land Use Classification In Minnesota (1.1MB). Roy A. Mead and Merle P. Meyer, University of Minnesota. 7.2-270. 11 pages.
  3. Analysis and Location of a Forestland in Western Massachusetts for a Direct Input to the Resource Analysis Procedure (0.2MB). Giles T. Rafsnider, USDA Forest Service; and Robert Rogers and Anthony Morse III, Bendix Aerospace Systems Div. 7.2-281. 1 page.
  4. LANDSAT Image Analysis for Terrain Investigations (0.2MB). B. E. Ruth, and H. K. Brooks, University of Florida; and R. L. Ferguson, General Electric Company. 7.2-282. 1 page.

8.1 DATA ANALYSIS II:   CLASSIFICATION METHODS & SYSTEMS

  1. A Table Look-Up Procedure for Rapidly Mapping Vegetation Cover and Crop Development (1.7MB). Arthur J. Richardson, U. S. Department of Agriculture; and C. L. Wiegand, ARS-USDA. 8.1-284. 14 pages.
  2. The Use of Analysis of Variance Procedures for Defining Ground Conditions of Categories Generated in an Automatic Analysis of LANDSAT MSS Digital Data (0.7MB). Steven J. Daus and Michael J. Cosentino, University of California. 8.1-298. 9 pages.
  3. A Versatile Classifier Model for Multiobservational Analysis (0.1MB). Philip H. Swain, Purdue University. 8.1-307. 1 page.
  4. MAXL4X - A Large Area LANDSAT Classifier (0.2MB). Ronnie W. Pearson, Johnson Space Center Earth Resources Laboratory. 8.1-308. 1 page.         
  5. SEARCH - An Efficient, Automatic Training Sample Selection Algorithm (0.2MB). Ronnie W. Pearson, Johnson Space Center Earth Resources Laboratory. 8.1-309. 1 page.

8.2   APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE PROCESSING TO LAND USE MAPPING I

  1. Metropolitan Land Cover Inventory Using LANDSAT Satellite Data. William J. Todd, Technicolor Graphic Services, Inc.; Robert N. Hall, Multnomah County, Oregon; and Charlotte C. Henry, City of Portland Oregon. (no paper)
  2. Tabular Data Base Construction and Analysis from Thematic Classified LANDSAT Imagery of Portland, Oregon (2.4MB). Nevin A Bryant, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Anthony J. George, Jr., Oregon Department of Environmental Quality; and Richard Hegdahl, Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG). 8.2-313. 6 pages.
  3. An Evaluation of LANDSAT for Providing Land Cover Data in Metropolitan Areas. David T. Lindgren and Clifton Below, Dartmouth College. (no paper)

9.1   DATA ANALYSIS III: CLASSIFICATION METHODS & SYSTEMS

  1. ISURSL Levels Classification: A Low Cost Approach to Multispectral Data Analysis (2.9MB). Richard F. Hyde, Samuel N. Goward, and Paul W. Mausel, Indiana State University. 9.1-322. 11 pages.
  2. Texture Feature Selection, Optimisation, and Implementation: An Interim Report. R. J. Evans, N. D. E. Custance, and O. E. Morgan, Plessey Radar Research Centre. (no paper)
  3. Estimation of Error Probability for Multidimensional Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classifiers Using a Controlled Space Quantization Technique (0.1MB). G. Mobasseri, and C. D. McGillem, Purdue University. 9.1-334. 1 page.

9.2 APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE PROCESSING TO LAND USE MAPPING II

  1. Advancements in Machine-Assisted Analysis of Multispectral Data for Land Use Applications (0.7MB). Philip H. Swain, Purdue University. 9.2-336. 8 pages.
  2. A Land Use Change Monitoring System Based on LANDSAT (0.1MB). Gary L. Angelici and Nevin A. Bryant, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 9.2-344. 1 page.
  3. Classifying Vegetative Cover with LANDSAT Digital Data, Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina (0.1MB). Patricia T. Gammon and Virginia Carter, U. S. Geological Survey; and Lurie J. Shima, Goddard Space Flight Center. 9.2-345. 1 page.
  4. Effect of the Size of Training Samples on Classification Accuracy (0.1MB). R. Kumar, M. Niero, M. S. S. Barros, L. A. M. Lucht, and A. P. Manso, Brasil Institute De Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). 9.2-346. 1 page.
  5. Landuse Analysis Using Basic+ Interactive Image Processing for Teaching: A Comparison with LARSYS (0.1MB). John R. Jensen, Earl J. Hajic, John E. Estes, and Fred Ennerson. 9.2-347. 1 page.

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