Eighth International Symposium
on
Machine Processing
of Remotely Sensed Data

with special emphasis on

Crop Inventory and Monitoring

The Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA

July 7-9, 1982

Edited by D.C. McDonald and D.B. Morrison
Cover design and layout by S.L. Ferringer

Copyright © 1982
by Purdue Research Foundation, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. All Rights Reserved.
These papers are provided for personal educational use only,
under permission from Purdue Research Foundation.

CATALOG NUMBERS

IEEE CATALOG NUMBER 82 CH 1776-4 MPRSD
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER 82-81262

PREFACE

The 1982 symposium, emphasizing Crop Inventory and Monitoring, considers the latest scientific advances and technological improvements in how to effectively use satellite remote sensing to obtain crop production information. The symposium serves as a forum for exchange of new ideas and results in research and applications of digital analysis and machine processing of remotely sensed data. Eighty-five of the more than ninety papers which will be presented at the symposium are included in these proceedings.

In reading the papers contributed to this year's symposium, the progress which has been made in recent years in the application of Landsat technology for crop inventory is very apparent, as is the potential for still further advancement in the technology. It is hoped that many of the new findings reported in this proceedings will find their way to operational use and will contribute to improvement in our capability to inventory and monitor earth resources.

A large measure of the success of this symposium is due to the organizations that co-sponsor the symposium with Purdue University. As chairman I am indebted to the program committee and session chairmen for assisting me in organizing the technical sessions. The cooperation of the contributing authors is greatly appreciated—with their help a greater percentage of papers are included in the proceedings than ever before. The many contributions of Douglas Morrison, Sue Ferringer, Darlys McDonald, Sandra Adams, and John Almon in preparation for the symposium are gratefully acknowledged.

Marvin E. Bauer, Chairman 1982 Symposium

 

Symposium Chairman: Marvin E. Bauer

Research Agronomist, Department of Agronomy, and Program Leader, Crop Inventory Research, Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing, Purdue University.

With B.S. and M.S. degrees from Purdue University in Agriculture and Ph.D. degree from the University of Illinois in Agronomy, Dr. Bauer joined the LARS staff in 1970. He is a member of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, American Society of Photogrammetry, and several honorary societies. He is the author of more than 30 publications on the spectral characteristics of crops and the application of remote sensing technology to crop identification, area estimation, and yield prediction. He is Editor-in- Chief of the journal Remote Sensing of Environment.

Dr. Bauer has had key roles in the design, implementation, and analysis of results of several major remote sensing projects, including the 1971 Corn Blight Watch Experiment and the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment. He has been the principal investigator of a Landsat investigation for crop identification and area estimation. Currently he is principal investigator at LARS of the AgRISTARS Supporting Research Contract with the NASA Johnson Space Center and serves as technical leader of research being conducted to quantify and model the radiation characteristics of agricultural crops and soils in relation to their agronomic properties.

SPONSORSHIP

COSPONSORS:
     AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY
     CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA
     INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC.
            Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society

IN COOPERATION WITH:
     AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
     NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
     NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
     U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The co-chairmen would like to take this opportunity to extend a special thanks to the following committee members without whose efforts and cooperation the symposium would not have been possible.

PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Marvin E. Bauer, Chairman
Paul E. Anuta
Luis A. Bartolucci
Marion F. Baumgardner
Craig S.T. Daughtry
Roger M. Hoffer
Douglas B. Morrison
Richard P. Mroczynski
Terry L. Phillips
Philip H. Swain
Richard A. Weismiller

Session Chairmen

Paul E. Anuta
Joseph K. Berry
Richard C. Cicone
Richard H. Gilbert
Richard D. Juday
Edward T. Kanemasu
R. Kent Lennington
Robert B. MacDonald
Don Paarlberg
Terry L. Phillips
David E. Pitts
David R. Thompson

Other symposium proceedings pages not included in the papers below.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OPENING PLENARY SESSION: THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING IN MEETING CROP PRODUCTION INFORMATION NEEDS

  1. Information: An Essential Ingredient in Crop Production, Marketing, Distribution, and Agricultural Policy. L.M. Eisgruber. Page 2. 1 page.
  2. Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in USDA Crop Information Systems. C.E. Caudill, J.R. Hickman. Page 3. 7 pages.
  3. Satellite Remote Sensing: An Integral Tool in Acquiring Global Crop Production Information. F.G. Hall. Page 10. 13 pages.
  4. The Role of Meteorological Satellites in Agricultural Remote Sensing. H.W. Yates, J.D. Tarpley. Page 23. 10 pages.

1. CROP IDENTIFICATION AND AREA ESTIMATION

  1. 1981 AgRISTARS DCLC Four State Project. J.W. Mergerson, M. Ozga, M. Holko, C. Miller, S. Winings, P. Cook, G. Hanuschak. Page 34. 11 pages.
  2. Integration of Landsat Data Into the Crop Estimation Program of USDA's Statistical Reporting Service (1972-1982). G.A. Hanuschak, R.D. Allen, W.H. Wigton. Page 45. 12 pages.
  3. A Landsat-Based Inventory Procedure for Agriculture in California. S.L. Wall, R.W. Thomas, C.E. Brown, E.H. Bauer. Page 57. 8 pages.
  4. Research in Satellite-Aided Crop Inventory and Monitoring. J.D. Erickson, J.L. Dragg, R.M. Bizzell, M.C. Trichel. Page 65. 7 pages.
  5. Update on a System for Large Area Crop Inventory from Remotely Sensed Data. T.C. Baker, J.H. Smith, J.T. Mali. Page 72. 8 pages.
  6. Development, Test and Evaluation of a Computerized Procedure for Using Landsat Data to Estimate Spring Small Grains Acreage R.R.J. Mohler, W.F. Palmer, M.M Smyrski, C.V. Nazare, T.C. Baker. Page 80. 8 pages.
  7. Evaluation of the Application of Landsat Data to Crop Discrimination in Western Australia. N.A. Campbell, F.R. Honey, P.T. Hick, M.D.W. Carlton. Page 88. 9 pages.

2. INFORMATION EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

  1. Automated Pixel Screening and Selection Technique. C.L. Dailey, G.M. Chapman. Page 98. 5 pages.
  2. SSG-4 - An Automated Spring Small Grains Proportion Estimator. T.B. Dennis, R.B. Cate, H. M. Smyrski, C.V. Nazare, T.C. Baker. Page 103. 5 pages.
  3. The Evaluation of a Semi-Automated Procedure for Classifying Corn and Soybeans without Ground Data. M.D. Metzler, R.C. Cicone, K.I. Johnson. Page 108. 8 pages.
  4. Can Crop Types Be Resolved Using Mixture Distribution Components — Some Initial Results and Implications. R.K. Lennington, C.T. Sorensen, R.P. Heydorn. Page 116. 6 pages.
  5. Probabilistic Relaxation on Multitype Data. H.M. Kalayeh, D.A. Landgrebe. Page 122. 8 pages.
  6. A Binary Tree Feature Selection Technique for Limited Training Sample Size. M.J. Muasher, D.A. Landgrebe. Page 130. 9 pages.

3. SCENE SIMULATION AND MODELING

  1. A Comparison of Simulated Thematic Mapper Data and Multispectral Scanner Data for Kingsbury County, South Dakota. G.D. Badhwar, K.E. Henderson, W.R. Johnson, M.L. Sestak, T. Woolford, J. Carnes, D.E. Pitts. Page 140. 9 pages.
  2. Spatial and Spectral Simulation of Landsat Images of Agricultural Areas. W.F. Pont, Jr. Page 149. 6 pages.
  3. Thematic Mapper Simulation in Canada. F.J. Ahern, R.J. Brown, D.G. Goodenough, W. McColl, P.M. Teillet, K.P.B. Thomson. Page 155. 1 page.
  4. Monte Carlo Simulations of Atmospheric Spreading Functions for Space-borne Optical Sensors. R.K. Kiang. Page 156. 7 pages.
  5. Acquisition History Simulation for Evaluation of Landsat-Based Crop Inventory Systems. J.H. Smith, J.T. Malin, M. Dvorin, C.C. Lin. Page 163. 6 pages.
  6. A Crops and Soils Data Base for Scene Radiation Research. L.L. Biehl, M.E. Bauer, B.F. Robinson, C.S.T. Daughtry, L.F. Silva, D.E. Pitts. Page 169. 9 pages.
  7. Corn and Soybean Landsat MSS Classification Performance as a Function of Scene Characteristics. G.T. Batista, M.M. Hixson, M.E. Bauer. Page 178. 11 pages.

4. CROP CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND YIELD PREDICTION

  1. Spectral Estimates of Intercepted Solar Radiation by Corn and Soybean Canopies. K.P. Gallo, C.C. Brooks, C.S.T. Daughtry, M.E. Bauer, V.C. Vanderbilt. Page 190. 9 pages.
  2. An Initial Model for Estimating Soybean Development Stages from Spectral Data. K.E. Henderson, G.D. Badhwar. Page 199. 6 pages.
  3. Spectral Input to an Agrometeorological Crop Phenology Model. R.B. Pollock, J.A. Artley. Page 205. 1 page.
  4. Assessing Crop Condition at the Field Level Using Landsat Spectral Data. S.E. Hollinger, M.M Hixson, M.E. Bauer. Page 206. 7 pages.
  5. Large Area Relation of Satellite Spectral Data to Wheat Yields. T.L. Barnett, D.R. Thompson. Page 213. 7 pages.
  6. Assessment of Crop Conditions in Some Cereal Growing Regions of Russia and the United States Using Landsat Data. P. Chagarlamudi, A.R. Mack. Page 220. 1 page.
  7. Remote Sensing of Sunflowers in Minnesota's Red River Valley Region: A Summary of Interim Results. O.M. Lindstrom, Jr., T.M. Lillesand, M. Goldblatt. Page 221. 5 pages.
  8. Role of Multispectral Data in Assessing Crop Management and Crop Yield. M.V.K. Rao, R.S. Ayyangar, P.P.N. Rao. Page 226. 9 pages.

5A. GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC IMAGE PROCESSING

  1. Landsat Image Registration for Agricultural Applications. R.H. Wolfe, Jr., R.D. Juday, A.G. Wacker, T. Kaneko. Page 236. 9 pages.
  2. Multidimensional Edge and Line Detection by Hypersurface Fitting Using Basis Functions. C.B. Chittineni. Page 245. 10 pages.
  3. REDUCT -- A Color Transformation of Landsat Multitemporal MSS Data. R.D. Juday, G.D. Badhwar. Page 255. 3 pages.
  4. Shift Variant Image Enhancement Techniques. A.D. Kulkarni, B.L. Deekshatulu, K.R. Rao. Page 258. 7 pages.

5B. THEMATIC MAPPER AND OTHER ADVANCED SENSORS

  1. A Comparative Study of the Thematic Mapper and Landsat Spectral Bands from Field Measurement Data. G.D. Badhwar, K.E. Henderson. Page 266. 7 pages.
  2. Crop Identification with Multifrequency, Multipolarization, and Multiangle Radars. J.F. Paris. Page 273. 8 pages.
  3. The NOAA/AVHRR: A New Satellite Sensor for Monitoring Crop Growth. S.R. Schneider, D.F. McGinnis, Jr. Page 281. 10 pages.
  4. Comparison of Landsat MSS, Nimbus CZCS, and NOAA 6/7 AVHRR Features for Land Use Analysis. R.C. Cicone, M.D. Metzler. Page 291. 8 pages.

6. NATURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

  1. An Evaluation of Thematic Mapper Simulator Data for Mapping Forest Cover. M.E. Dean, R.M. Hoffer. Page 300. 8 pages.
  2. The Effect of Surface Particle Size and Other Rangeland Features on Spectral Response. E.H. Horvath, D.F. Post, W.M. Lucas. Page 308. 1 page.
  3. Spectral Characterization of Iron Oxide and Organic Matter Interactions in Eroded Soils. S.E. Pazar, G.E. Van Scoyoc, R.A. Weismiller, M.F. Baumgardner. Page 309. 1 page.
  4. A Multitemporal Approach for Classifying and Mapping Rangeland Vegetation. R.H. Haas, J.A. Newcomer, E.H. Horvath. Page 310. 2 pages.
  5. A Spectral Stratification Approach to Classifying and Mapping Natural Vegetation. J.A. Newcomer, E.H. Horvath, R.H. Haas. Page 312. 1 page.
  6. Multisensor Data Analysis and Its Application to Monitoring of Cropland, Forest, Strip Mines and Cultural Targets. S.T. Wu. Page 313. 8 pages.
  7. Using Landsat Data to Estimate Reservoir Storage. S.F. Shih. Page 321. 6 pages.

7A. PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS - POSTER PAPER PRESENTATIONS

  1. An Automated Method for Producing Reflectance-Enhanced Landsat Images. F.J. Ahern, D.M. Bennett, F.E. Guertin, K.P.B. Thomson, G. Fedosejevs. Page 328. 9 pages.
  2. Evaluating the Radiance Transformation for Normalizing Landsat Data. E.M. Middleton, Y.C. Lu. Page 337. 5 pages.
  3. Automated Terrain Analysis. L.G. Thompson. Page 342. 5 pages.
  4. Automatic Digital Image Registration. A. Goshtasby, A.K. Jain, W.R. Enslin. Page 347. 6 pages.
  5. Sample Design with Irregular Sampling Units for a Crop Proportion Estimation Procedure Based on Landsat Data. T.G. Lycthuan-Lee. Page 353. 6 pages.
  6. Ancillary Data Interface to VICAR/IBIS. M.W. Gross. Page 359. 4 pages.
  7. Comparison of Edge Detection Methods for Landsat Imagery. P.E. Anuta, F. Davallou. Page 363. 4 pages.
  8. An Application of the UNH Digital Image Processing System. P.E. Bruns, P. Augusta, K. Olson, J. Szajgin. Page 367. 7 pages.
  9. Geometrical and Atmospheric Considerations of NOAA AVHRR Imagery. R.J. Brown, M. Bernier, G. Fedosejevs. Page 374. 8 pages.
  10. Application of a Recursive Distortion Estimator to the Geodetic Correction of Thematic Mapper Imagery. P. Arnold, J. Brooks, E. Kimmer, I. Levine, V. Matthews, D. Poros. Page 382. 7 pages.

7B. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS POSTER PAPER PRESENTATIONS

  1. Landsat Image Availability for Crop Area Estimation. S.B. Winings. Page 390. 4 pages.
  2. A Geographic Information System for Colusa County, California. B.L. Wood, L.H. Beck. Page 394. 8 pages.
  3. Regional Aquifer System Assessment Through Landsat Digital Image Analysis. H.N. Anderson, M.W. Gross, S.M. Manning. Page 402. 3 pages.
  4. Application of Landsat and Other Digital Data in Mapping Site Writeup Areas. R.H. Haas, E.H. Horvath W.J. Bonner, W.A. Miller. Page 405. 1 page.
  5. Computer-Aided Inventory of Sugar Cane in Mexico. S. Arredondo G., J.A. Valdes A., J.I. Miranda V. Page 406. 6 pages.
  6. Remote Sensing for Discrimination of Potato Diseases. S.J. Ventura, D.I. Rouse. Page 412. 4 pages.
  7. Renewal of Land Use Data Base with the Aid of Remote Sensing. H. Shimoda, K. Fukue, T. Sakata. Page 416. 5 pages.
  8. Colombian Coffee Census 1980. J.S. Cruz. Page 421. 5 pages.
  9. CROPPAK: A Crop Management Systems Model. E.H. Vasey, A.G. Leholm. Page 426. 4 pages.
  10. Grapevine Canopy Reflectance and Yield. K.A. Minden, W.R. Philipson. Page 430. 4 pages.
  11. Laboratory and Field Performance Evaluation of a Modular Multiband Radiometer for Remote Sensing Field Research. B.F. Robinson, D.P. DeWitt, V.C. Vanderbilt, L.L. Biehl. Page 434. 1 page.
  12. Calibration Procedures for Measurement of Reflectance Factor in Remote Sensing Field Research. B.F. Robinson, L.L. Biehl. Page 435. 6 pages.
  13. Landsat Investigation of Mineralized Granites in the Area Between Gabals El-Urf and El-Eredia Due West of Safaga, Egypt. M.E. Habib. Page 441. 6 pages.
  14. A Closer Look at Remote Sensing Education. S.M. Davis, J.R. Madden. Page 447. 4 pages.
  15. A Crop Area Estimation Study on the South African Highveld. B. Turner, O.G. Malan. Page 451. 2 pages.

8. TEMPORAL PROFILE MODELING

  1. Profile Modeling for Crop Discrimination. G.D. Badhwar. Page 454. 7 pages.
  2. Cultural and Environmental Influences on the Temporal-Spectral Development Patterns of Corn and Soybeans. E.P. Crist. Page 461. 8 pages.
  3. Crop Identification Using Landsat Temporal-Spectral Profiles. J.B. Odenweller, K.I. Johnson. Page 469. 8 pages.
  4. Estimating Crop Development Stages from Multispectral Data. J.C. Tilton, S.E. Hollinger. Page 477. 8 pages.

9. APPLICATIONS OF GEOREFERENCE INFORMATION SYSTEM

  1. A Database to Support Crop Condition Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Data. W.G. Driggers. Page 486. 9 pages.
  2. Agricultural Land Cover Mapping with the Aid of Digital Soil Survey Data. E.R. Stoner. Page 495. 8 pages.
  3. Cartographic Modeling: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Effective Distance. J.K. Berry, C.D. Tomlin. Page 503. 8 pages.

10. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

  1. Development of a High Speed Image Processing System: TIAS 3000. H. Shimoda, I. Fujitaka K. Fukue, T. Sakata. Page 512. 8 pages.
  2. Parallel Processing Concepts for Remote Sensing Applications. B.W. Smith, H.J. Siegel, P.H. Swain. Page 520. 7 pages.
  3. Interactive Clustering On a High-Speed Image Display System. P.H. Swain, S.M. Davis, R.J. Clouthier. Page 527. 6 pages.
  4. IBM 7350 Image Processing System: A Tool for Earth Resources Data Processing. W. Niblack. Page 533. 6 pages.

CLOSING PLENARY SESSION: ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES IN EARTH OBSERVATION AND RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

  1. Advanced Sensor Systems: Thematic Mapper and Beyond. R.A. Holmes. Page 540. 6 pages.
  2. Role of Scene Radiation Models in Remote Sensing. J.A. Smith. Page 546. 4 pages.
  3. Advances in Information Extraction Techniques. G. Nagy. Page 550. 7 pages.
  4. Information Processing of Earth Resources Data. A.L. Zobrist, N.A. Bryant. Page 557. 6 pages.

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